Discuss the evolving methods used by non-state actors, including terror outfits and transnational criminal networks, to exploit porous borders and digital platforms.

Question Understanding – Finding Information

Precise Syllabus Mapping: Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security. (GS Paper – III)

Marks and words limit:

• The marks-oriented approach to answering (10-mark, 150-word) questions in the question is to use Bullet Points (one idea per bullet point), Brainstorming, or a combination of both.
• The way to score good marks in questions worth (15 marks. 250 words) is to use the Heading and Subheading method while writing your answers.

Directive words:

• Discuss → Explain methods with breadth and examples, showing evolution and linkages

Focal points of the questions:

• Evolving methods of non-state actors
• Exploitation of porous borders
• Exploitation of digital platforms
• Coverage of terror outfits and transnational criminal networks

Dos & Don’ts

Do for Maximum Marks

• Use Key terms: Hybrid threats, Non-traditional security challenges, Terror-crime nexus
• You can use this Brainstorming idea: Border routes + Digital platforms → Operations → Impact
• Show evolution and adaptation, not static methods
• Balance physical border and digital domain aspects
• Maintain analytical and objective tone
• Link terrorism and organised crime where relevant

Don’t do these Common Mistakes

• Do not narrate specific terror incidents
• Avoid naming operational tactics in excessive detail
• Do not sensationalise violence
• Avoid GS-II diplomatic focus
• Don’t ignore cyber and digital dimensions